Biological systems for the production of commercial goods and services such as agriculture and foods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fuels, equipment, diagnostics, water treatment, and waste treatment; properties of microorganisms, plant and animal cells, and enzymes used in bioprocess applications; basic biochemistry, cell biology, cell metabolism, and cell physiology; cell nutrition and growth; properties and functions of biopolymers; overview of genetics, recombinant DNA technology, and protein expression with a focus on biotechnologically relevant examples.