Microfluidics, the manipulation and control of fluids at microscales in confined geometries, have formed the basis for numerous emerging applications such as medical diagnostics, environmental sensing, particle synthesis, and biological analysis. This course offers the fundamentals of transport phenomena and derivation of constitutive balances at small scales relevant to microfluidic systems, such as low Reynolds number flow and surface tension flow. Various microfabrication methods and tools to create microfluidic systems are covered as well as applications that include chemical and biological sensing and analysis, called “Lab-on-a-chip”, namely micromixing, separation, particle synthesis,microreactors, and cell cultures. Recent developments in the field are also explored through literature reviews to date.