Lectures will include aspects of chemical equilibria, in particular protonation equilibria; buffers, natural and synthetic phase separation equilibria; non-aqueous solvent systems; applications of pH control and complexation to extraction and chromatographic systems will be cited where appropriate. Experiments may represent: inorganic structural elucidation; analytical extraction techniques, including pH and complexation effects; volatilization and vacuum distillation techniques; applications to natural and synthetic products analysis; electrochemical methods.