Loads and loading cases in multi-storey building. Shear wall-frame interaction. Determination of forces using torsion analysis of buildings with randomly distributed concrete shear walls or steel bracings. Concrete and steel column stability. Design details of low rise concrete and steel buildings. Analysis and design using computer software. Mat foundation, pile caps, retaining walls, tanks, swimming pool, pump stations. Masonry materials, stress analysis and flexural design. Axial load and bending design for masonry walls and columns.