History is not always recorded with the written or printed word; it can be seen, heard, and spoken. In societies past and present, oral, visual, and aural records of historical events may be of equal or greater significance than a written account. This course (H-Craft 2) focuses on oral, visual, and aural traditions, as well as contemporary methods of making and maintaining cultural memory through forms such as storytelling, folklore, performance, visual arts, and song.