This course (H-Craft 3b) focuses on how archaeological resources and material culture (such as artefacts, landscapes, architecture, and art) can be utilized to understand the past. It also explores how these resources can be integrated into documents-based historical study and newer endeavours, such as oral history. It defines historical archaeology and material culture as distinct but closely related fields, surveys their evolution as academic disciplines, and considers the limitations, challenges, and biases of these approaches.