Political, financial, and religious crises under the early Stuart monarchs led to civil war and revolution, and, briefly, unparalleled liberty. The Restoration brought new ideas but also renewed political-religious conflict, which led to the last successful invasion of England. The course also examines England's naval strength, the new utilitarian science, overseas ventures, and the beginnings of the fiscal-military state, as well as the growth of London, attitudes towards death, and the changing roles of women.